Overseeing Economic and Environmental Harmony
World Business Journal talks to Barirega Akankwasah, Executive Director, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) about the significance of striking a harmonious balance between economic growth and biodiversity preservation.
What is the progress of implementing the Second National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP II)?
NBSAP II, covering until 2025, maintains its relevance with ongoing strategies in the implementation phase. Notable progress includes surpassing the global biodiversity target of 17% land protection, now standing at 18%. Moreover, the development of a finance plan under the biofeed program has further modernized biodiversity resources.
Efforts in ecosystem restoration, specifically forest and wetland rejuvenation, alongside initiatives in climate-smart agriculture and infrastructure, are in progress and anticipated to meet predetermined targets.
Alignment between our National Biodiversity Plan and the 2022 Global Biodiversity Framework is underway, initiated through an ongoing review process. This review includes updated commitments, such as elevating protected area coverage from 17 to 30%, necessitating a reevaluation of our protected area system, particularly emphasizing wetlands and waterbodies.
Biotechnology, notably genetically modified organisms for food, and the discourse surrounding invasive species are integral considerations. Emphasis remains on ecosystem restoration, forestry, wetlands, and wildlife as key focal points.
How can the environment be incentivised, or be made profitable?
To encourage environmentally friendly practices, incentives could be enhanced. For example, lowering prices for cooking energy sources such as LPG gas and solar options could be effective.
Similarly, alternatives to plastics, like paper packaging and reusable materials, should be promoted. Plastic usage remains a major environmental challenge. To support these changes, the government could provide incentives such as reduced taxes or tax holidays to foster environmentally conscious industries.
Currently, NEMA has introduced tax exemptions such as the 0% tax on hotel furnishings and tour vehicles in the hotel industry. Nevertheless, there’s potential for additional advancements, particularly in harnessing value from waste. This could effectively address various environmental challenges by creating resources like briquettes, organic fertilizers, and energy.
How have digital and tech advancements aided the biodiversity and conservation efforts that NEMA undertakes?
Technology plays a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation, encompassing monitoring, identification, and research. Presently, NEMA uses drones, satellite imaging, and remote sensors for wildlife species monitoring and census, along with GIS applications. Leveraging technology enables real-time responses to challenges like wildlife poaching and pollution, allowing for more effective interventions.
Exploring new advancements, such as virtual fencing, holds promise in preventing human-wildlife conflicts and managing livestock on our farms. We foresee the private sector taking the lead in investing in these technologies with the government playing a crucial role as both a consumer and a collaborator.
What are the potential risks associated with neglecting the equal importance of the environment in relation to economic priorities?
The environment deserves an equal footing alongside the economy; any imbalance risks dire consequences! While nature’s resilience is unmatched and will persist, neglecting its importance poses risks for economic progress. To achieve overall prosperity, it’s crucial for economics to collaborate harmoniously with nature, fostering mutual success and sustainable growth.
